Cancer screenings save lives! Studies show that up to 95% of all early stage cancers can be detected through screening tests, before the onset of symptoms. Screening tests such as periodic skin, breast and testicular self-exams can be done at home. Other tests, such as FOBT (stool blood tests) and digital rectal exams, are performed in a doctor’s office by a primary care physician. Tests such as mammograms and screening sigmoidoscopies use modern technology to screen for cancer without invasive exploratory surgery, before symptoms are even present. For instance, the screening sigmoidoscopy uses a flexible lighted instrument to view the lower colon for evidence of suspicious polyps, which can become malignant if not treated. This test, which enables polyps to be removed for biopsy during the procedure, is recommended on 3-5 year basis for adults at average risk for cancer starting age 50. All screening tests are cost-effective ways to prevent cancer, and the benefits are enormous. Annual mammograms can identify tumors up to two years before they are big enough to be felt by touch; a simple rectal exam can detect 10% of colorectal cancers before symptoms are experienced; and annual mammograms can decrease the mortality rate from breast cancer by one-third. The National Cancer Institute has issued screening guidelines for both healthy and at-risk adults, which should be followed. Ask your doctor for details.